The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors associated with psoriasis in Saudi Arabia

Background Extensive studies have revealed an increased risk of major adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with severe psoriasis. However, some studies show conflicting results. Objective This study was conducted to assess the CV risk factors in psoriasis patients, and compare it with non-psoriatic patients. In addition, we evaluated if psoriasis is an independent CV risk factor, if its severity can predict CV risk, and if systemic psoriasis treatments modify CV risk. Methods This was a case-control study in 200 participants -100 with psoriasis, and 100 with dermatitis who served as the control. The study was carried out from September 2015 to September 2016. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires, one each for both groups. Questions include body surface area, current psoriasis/dermatitis therapies, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking history, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), elevated cholesterol, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) history. Results Analyses of the associations between psoriasis and CV symptoms has demonstrated that psoriasis was associated with CAD (p<0.001) and hospitalizations (p<0.001) due to CAD. We found that the psoriasis group have the following association: Angina (p=0.005), hypertension (p=0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.016), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.015), and "CAD succeeding psoriasis (p=0.001)" (it assesses how many patients with psoriasis had CAD after they are diagnosed with psoriasis). Our study showed that there was no statistically significant risk of CVD in dermatitis patients (p=0.16). There was no association between severity of psoriasis and CV risk (p=0.07). Conclusions There is a higher CV risk prevalence among Saudi psoriatic patients and this confirms that psoriasis is an independent CV risk factor in this population.